Abstract
ZmPGP1, involved in the polar auxin transport, has been shown to be associated with plant height, leaf angle, yield traits, and root development in maize. To explore natural variation and domestication selection of ZmPGP1, we re-sequenced the ZmPGP1 gene in 349 inbred lines, 68 landraces, and 32 teosintes. Sequence polymorphisms, nucleotide diversity, and neutral tests revealed that ZmPGP1 might be selected during domestication and improvement processes. Marker–trait association analysis in inbred lines identified 11 variants significantly associated with 4 plant architecture and 5 ear traits. SNP1473 was the most significant variant for kernel length and ear grain weight. The frequency of an increased allele T was 40.6% in teosintes, and it was enriched to 60.3% and 89.1% during maize domestication and improvement. This result revealed that ZmPGP1 may be selected in the domestication and improvement process, and significant variants could be used to develop functional markers to improve plant architecture and ear traits in maize.
Highlights
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most widely grown and important cereal crops, which plays a critical role in ensuring food security
60.3% and 89.1% during maize domestication and improvement. This result revealed that ZmPGP1 may be selected in the domestication and improvement process, and significant variants could be used to develop functional markers to improve plant architecture and ear traits in maize
We re-sequenced ZmPGP1 in 349 inbred lines, 68 landraces, and 32 teosintes, and aimed to: (1) examine the ZmPGP1 nucleotide diversity between maize inbred lines, landraces, and teosintes, (2) identify natural variations in candidate genes associated with grain yield and plant architecture traits, and (3) examine the significant associations for their involvement in maize domestication and improvement
Summary
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most widely grown and important cereal crops, which plays a critical role in ensuring food security. Maize kernel and ear morphological traits are the most important factors determining grain yield. Many QTLs related to yield components and plant architecture traits have been identified in several maize linkage populations. Different alleles of ZmPGP1 have been shown to be associated with plant height, ear height, leaf angle, ear length, yield traits, and root development under aluminum stress [16,27,28,29,30,31]. (2) identify natural variations in candidate genes associated with grain yield and plant architecture traits, and (3) examine the significant associations for their involvement in maize domestication and improvement
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