Abstract
Abstract So‐called “natural” theology differs from “revealed” theology in that it endeavors to provide evidence for God's existence and for divine truths without reference to a special revelation from God (as claimed for the Bible or, outside the Christian tradition, for such writings as the Quran). The most influential exponent of natural theology in Western Christendom has been Thomas Aquinas, who held that a foundation for accepting special revelation can be found in Aristotle's classic arguments for God's existence. Natural and revealed theology operated largely in tandem until the advent of 18th century Deism — which endeavored to base ultimate principles upon Nature alone (as in Thomas Paine's Age of Reason ) — and Immanuel Kant — who claimed that an ethical “categorical imperative” could be justified without recourse to a revelatory deity.
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