Natural Suitability Evaluation of Habitat Environment in Transition Zone Based on GIS Spatial Analysis Technology—Taking Beichuan County as an Example

Tao Liu

doi:10.4236/gep.2021.98010

Abstract

Analyzing and measuring the spatial distribution pattern of human settlement environment suitability in Beichuan County China is of great significance for optimizing population distribution and promoting human development and environmental protection. Based on the DEM data and other data of Beichuan County, this paper uses GIS and ENVI software to extract four spatial distribution data of vegetation coverage index, topographic relief, hydrological index and natural disaster risk, and the spatial distribution pattern of natural suitability of human settlement environment in Beichuan County was obtained through overlay analysis. The results show: 1) Most of the areas with small topographic relief are located in the southeast of the study area, which is New Beichuan County and Anchang Town and Yong’an Town. The vegetation coverage index in the eastern region is higher, while the vegetation coverage index in the western and other high altitude regions is lower because there are more grasslands. 2) From the perspective of spatial distribution, Beichuan County as a whole is rich in water resources in the central and eastern part of the county, while the west is short of water resources; Chenjiaba Township, Guixi Town and Old Beichuan County are located on the fault zone with high natural disaster risk, the natural disaster risk is high in Piankou Township and Xiaoba Town and Kaiping Township Area. 3) The human settlement environment index of Beichuan county is 19.72 - 85.25; The natural suitability is the highest in the southeast, followed by the central and western regions, and the worst is located in the Piankou-Xiaoba and Old Beichuan-Guixi fault zones. 4) The general suitable area in Beichuan County is the largest, accounting for 30.4% of the total area of the study area. More suitable area ranked second, accounting for 29.33%; critical fitness suitable area accounted for 17.87%; the area of suitable highly suitable area accounted for 14.06%, and the unsuitable area accounted for 8.32%. Reasonable and efficient development and use of local resources is an inevitable way for the sustainable development of Beichuan County.

Highlights

Human settlement environment is the organic synthesis of material and immaterial required by human activities, and it is the main battlefield of human life and production
2) From the perspective of spatial distribution, Beichuan County as a whole is rich in water resources in the central and eastern part of the county, while the west is short of water resources; Chenjiaba Township, Guixi Town and Old Beichuan County are located on the fault zone with high natural disaster risk, the natural disaster risk is high in Piankou Township and Xiaoba Town and Kaiping Township Area
This paper is supported by GIS spatial analysis technology, based on DEM, multi-band remote sensing images, and basic spatial data such as annual average rainfall, geological disasters, earthquake disasters and flood disasters, to construct Topographic relief (RDLS), Vegetation coverage index (NDVI), Natural disaster risk (NDR) and Hydrological index (WCCI) 4 index data, according to the Habitat environment index (HEI) calculation formula, the Beichuan County human settlement environment natural index is obtained, the value is between 19.72 - 85.25, where the higher the index, The better the quality of human settlements

Summary

Introduction

Human settlement environment is the organic synthesis of material and immaterial required by human activities, and it is the main battlefield of human life and production. One is to explore the impact of natural environment on human life and production based on natural system and starting from a number of natural elements (Ma et al, 2014); the other is to explore the natural environment and ecology as the main human settlement environment in a specific region, such as the administrative area river basin (Wang, 2020). The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on the establishment and improvement of the overall planning of the land and space of cities and counties proposes to carry out “double evaluation” work, of which the evaluation of natural resource carrying capacity is the basic work for human survival and development (Feng et al, 2017). The research on the natural suitability of human settlement environment is transitioning from the national and provincial large-scale space research (Zhu, 2013).

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Discussion

Conclusion