Natural Resources Globalization and Its Effect on the Indigenous People; Evidence from the Theoretical and Empirical literature: Review

Abstract

The globalized view of natural resource is strictly connected with quantitative measures and strongly depends on expert assessments and assumptions with poorly understanding local knowledge and local facts, finally leads to unreliable conclusion. Hence, this review intends to investigate the globalization of natural resources and its effect on the lives of indigenous people. The study found that the conventional global approach tends to focus on quantitative measures by contrast the local and traditional approach tend to focus on qualitative information. Thus, local tailored forest conservation and management programs create a social environment that allows unique local environmental values to emerge increasing motivational force of environmental values in the conventional science. This reflects that giving recognition to and work with and through local real situations where problems are identified and solutions are determined makes environmental conservation more cost effective and sustainable. Local people believed that resources not only provide material benefits but also other cultural and social values. Indigenous peoples with a historical continuity of resource-use practices often possess a broad knowledge base of the behavior of complex ecological systems in their own localities. This knowledge has accumulated through a long series of observations transmitted from generation to generation. Where indigenous peoples have depended, for long periods of time, on local forests for the provision of a variety of resources, they have developed a stake in conserving, and in some cases, enhancing biodiversity.