Abstract
Reliance on natural regeneration for reforestation of ponderosa pine forests is increasing as operational budgets decline and public hostility against intensive silvicultural methods increases. Seed predation by small mammals, however, remains an important cause of natural regeneration failure. Direct measures for seed predator control have been tested but have enjoyed only limited success. The best apparent opportunity for avoiding seed predator losses is to schedule harvests during years of large seed crops, when seedfall exceeds consumption and seed viability rates are high. Integrated pest management planning for natural regeneration should emphasize reforestation goals rather than pest eradication. Key words: ponderosa pine, natural regeneration, reforestation, pest management, seed predation
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