Abstract
Lithistid sponges are known to produce a diverse array of compounds ranging from polyketides, cyclic and linear peptides, alkaloids, pigments, lipids, and sterols. A majority of these structurally complex compounds have very potent and interesting biological activities. It has been a decade since a thorough review has been published that summarizes the literature on the natural products reported from this amazing sponge order. This review provides an update on the current taxonomic classification of the Lithistida, describes structures and biological activities of 131 new natural products, and discusses highlights from the total syntheses of 16 compounds from marine sponges of the Order Lithistida providing a compilation of the literature since the last review published in 2002.
Highlights
The Order Lithistida is a polyphyletic assemblage of sponges grouped together based on interlocking siliceous spicules called desmas that make up their skeleton [1,2]
Drugs 2011, 9 obvious, and until other characters can be evaluated and analyzed, these desma-bearing sponges will continue to be grouped in the Order Lithistida
This review provides an update on the isolation of compounds reported from marine sponges of the Order Lithistida and highlights some of the total synthetic efforts reported since the last review published in 2002 [5]
Summary
The Order Lithistida is a polyphyletic assemblage of sponges grouped together based on interlocking siliceous spicules called desmas that make up their skeleton [1,2]. Lithistid sponges occur world-wide in both shallow and deep water environments [4] They are known to produce over 300 different interesting and diverse compounds comprising of polyketides, cyclic and linear peptides, alkaloids, pigments, lipids, and sterols [1,5,6]. There have been a few excellent reviews published previously which have highlighted the compounds isolated from lithistid sponges through the year 2000 [1,5,6,10]. This review provides an update on the isolation of compounds reported from marine sponges of the Order Lithistida and highlights some of the total synthetic efforts reported since the last review published in 2002 [5]
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