Abstract

Background: The world has been unprecedentedly hit by a global pandemic which broke the record of deadly pandemics that faced humanity ever since its existence. Even kids are well-versed in the terminologies and basics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 now. The vaccination program has been successfully launched in various countries, given that the huge global population of concern is still far behind to be vaccinated. Furthermore, the scarcity of any potential drug against the COVID-19-causing virus forces scientists and clinicians to search for alternative and complementary medicines on a war-footing basis. Aims and Objectives: The present review aims to cover and analyze the etiology and epidemiology of COVID-19, the role of intestinal microbiota and pro-inflammatory markers, and most importantly, the natural products to combat this deadly SARS-CoV-2 virus. Methods: A primary literature search was conducted through PubMed and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. Natural products were searched from January 2020 to November 2020. No timeline limit has been imposed on the search for the biological sources of those phytochemicals. Interactive mapping has been done to analyze the multi-modal and multi-target sources. Results and Discussion: The intestinal microbiota and the pro-inflammatory markers that can serve the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 were discussed. The literature search resulted in yielding 70 phytochemicals and ten polyherbal formulations which were scientifically analyzed against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its targets and found significant. Retrospective analyses led to provide information about 165 biological sources that can also be screened if not done earlier. Conclusion: The interactive analysis mapping of biological sources with phytochemicals and targets as well as that of phytochemical class with phytochemicals and COVID-19 targets yielded insights into the multitarget and multimodal evidence-based complementary medicines.

Highlights

  • A virus can be defined as a dead or alive particle that completely relies on the host to thrive and replicate further (Fermin, 2018)

  • The results indicated that caflanone has a high affinity with the CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-binding sites towards the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which could inhibit the viral entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2

  • SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV have been associated with betaCoVs

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Summary

19 Pandemic

Singla 1,2, Xuefei He 1, Hitesh Chopra 3, Christos Tsagkaris 4, Li Shen 1, Mohammad Amjad Kamal 5,6,7*† and Bairong Shen 1*†

Background
Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
Etiology
Transmission
Epidemiology
Intestinal Microbiota and Pro-inflammatory Markers
Intestinal Microbiota and Markers in COVID19
Prognosis Predicting the course of the COVID-19 infection is quite complex
Diagnosis
Treatment
NATURAL PRODUCTS AGAINST SARS-COV-2
Flavonoids
Terpenoids
Alkaloids
Glycosides
Quinones
Monolignols
Phenolic and Polyphenolic Compounds
Miscellaneous Compounds
Lianhua Qingwen
Pudilan
Chinese Herbs Mixture
Chinese Traditional Medicine Prescription
Qing-Fei-Da-Yuan
Coronil
Kabasura Kudineer
Indian Ayurvedic Prescription Medicine Including Coronil (Patanjali Divya Coronil Kit)
6.10 Persian Medicine Herbal Formulations
NON-VALIDATED CANDIDATES BASED ON HYPOTHESIS OR EARLIER ANTIVIRAL KNOWLEDGE
8.CONCLUSION, LIMITATIONS, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
SOFTWARES USED
Full Text
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