Abstract
The selectivity and efficacy of the foliar-acting natural-product herbicides bilanaphos and citronella oil were tested in comparison with glufosinate-ammonium. When applied to tree-base foliage of 10 species of broadleaved and coniferous trees in May or June they caused contact damage to the sprayed area only. Overall application of bilanaphos and glufosinate-ammonium and directed application of citronella oil to dormant trees in winter had no adverse effect on broadleaved trees but severely damaged conifer species. When sprayed on five species of actively growing herbaceous perennial weeds in May, bilanaphos gave good short-term control of Senecio jacobaea and perennial grasses and glufosinate-ammonium of Rumex obtusifolius. Citronella oil at a high dose largely killed foliage of all species within 1 day of application but most species re-grew strongly. Senecio jacobaea was the most susceptible species, with good control 2 months after application of the higher dose. Both these natural-product herbicides are of potential use for tree establishment but costs of development and registration may be prohibitive. Public perceptions have not yet been assessed.
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