Abstract
Concentrations of chloroform, trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) and chlorinated dibenzo p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) were measured in soil and soil air at four rural areas in The Netherlands to support the hypothesis that natural chlorination of humic material can result in low-molecular-weight chlorinated compounds. Chloroform concentrations in soil air were found to be significantly elevated compared to environmental air, indicating a natural production. Chlorinated compounds which probably have only an anthropogenic origin, such as tetrachloromethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethene, and tetrachloroethene, show no difference in concentration in soil air and environmental air. TCAA is omnipresent in soil, and the concentrations detected can be explained by a natural production although an alternative production pathway cannot be excluded. The PCDD/F concentration profiles are very similar in urban and rural areas, indicating waste incineration as a common source for their origin.
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