Abstract
The endophytic fungus Aspergillus is considered as an enormous source of chemical leads with promising biological activities. Different Aspergillus species have proved their ability to produce plenty of secondary metabolites including butenolides, alkaloids, terpenoids, cytochalasins, phenalenones, ρ-terphenyls, xanthones, sterols, diphenyl ether and anthraquinone derivatives with diverse biological activities, such as anti-cancer, antifungal, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities. From January 2015 until December 2019, three hundred and sixty-one secondary metabolites were reported from different endophytic Aspergillus species. This review discusses the isolated secondary metabolites from different endophytic Aspergillus species reported from January 2015 to December 2019 along with their reported biological activities and structural aspects whenever applicable.
Highlights
Natural products are heterogeneous low molecular mass molecules
This review focuses on the natural products isolated from different endophytic Aspergillus species that exhibited diverse bioactivities
Fungal endophytes are the fungal population of the internal tissues of plants causing no apparent symptoms of disease
Summary
Natural products (secondary metabolites) are heterogeneous low molecular mass molecules. There are as many as one million different fungal endophytic species present in the investigated plants as approximated by Hawksworth and Rossman in 1987.65 Among the most dominated fungal genera, Aspergillus has been described as a rich source for a plethora of bioactive compounds with diverse chemical structures and biological activities.[4]. Aspergillus species were identi ed and classi ed depending on their morphological, physiological and biochemical methods Molecular techniques, such as ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences analysis, random ampli ed polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) are used.[8]. The metabolites produced by different endophytic Aspergillus species showed various biological activities, such as anti-in ammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and anti-viral activities.[9] This review focuses on the natural products isolated from different endophytic Aspergillus species that exhibited diverse bioactivities. This review covers the period from January 2015 to December 2019
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