Abstract
Water-processable natural polymers represent a valuable alternative for the sustainable manufacturing of electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). Here, we demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of the use of pullulan to produce high mass loading electrodes (>10 mg cm−2) at low binder content (10%) for ionic-liquid based EDLCs. Pullulan has also been processed as a porous separator by electrospinning. Its ionic resistance and thermal stability have been evaluated in different electrolytes and were found to be superior compared to those of a cellulose triacetate electrospun separator. Pullulan-ionic liquid EDLCs were, thus, assembled and charged up to 3.2 V. The EDLCs delivered specific energy and power of 7.2 Wh kg−1 and 3.7 kW kg−1 and featured good cycling stability over 5000 cycles.
Highlights
Today one of the biggest challenges our society is facing is how to replace the use of fossil energy sources with renewable ones
cellulose triacetate (CTA) mat thicknesses were adequate for an easy handling and assembly of the electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs)
In addition to the difference in fiber diameter, the two polymers differ in terms of fiber diameter distribution, the CTA fibers being less homogeneous with a broader distribution
Summary
Today one of the biggest challenges our society is facing is how to replace the use of fossil energy sources (coal, oil, gas) with renewable ones (solar and wind). The inherent intermittence of the latter sources requires the development of efficient energy storage systems. Electrochemical energy storage by secondary batteries and electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) is one of the most efficient approach [1,2,3,4]. EDLCs are receiving great attention for their unique characteristics of outstanding power and cycle life, that are related to their electrostatic operating mechanism. Specific energies of EDLCs are one order of magnitude lower than that of batteries. Commercial EDLCs feature activated carbon (AC) electrodes, a porous polymer separator, and an organic electrolyte, typically a solution of alkylammonium salts in acetonitrile or propylene carbonate
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