Abstract
Development of logic into a science served as an instrument for the progress in natural philosophy and the scientific method in the 6th and 5th Centuries BC in China, India, and the Arabian world, the Middle East, the Ancient Greece and Rome. Rapid advancements in natural sciences were followed by systematic attempts to organize knowledge in the 4th to 1st Centuries BC in the Greek and the Hellenistic world, reaching maturity in the Roman Empire after the 2nd Century AD. Parallel development of philosophy, science and technology can be traced in the East too. The essentially random growth of machines and mechanisms driven by the pressure of necessity was followed by the development of complicated machines using design rules and concepts in a systematic way, and not arrived at empirically through a process of long evolution, were investigated very early in history. The influence of natural philosophy in classical times to the development of mechanics and engineering as a science from the 5th century B.C. to the Middle-Ages is discussed here.
Highlights
Philosophy of science, refers to the elements of scientific inquiry from a philosophical perspective that led to the development of a generalized science as distinct from a set of unrelated empirical rules
Philosophy in the Ancient Greek World had a more general meaning and encompassed the study of natural phenomena.The question of how Natural Philosophy functioned in physical science, mechanics and engineering has been the subject of numerous investigations [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The influence of Natural Philosophy and Logic in the 6th and 5th Centuries BC in the philosophical inquiry, and the scientific method developed in the 4th to 1st Centuries BC that have contributed to the establishment of mechanics and the principles involving the initial steps of building machines and its evolution during the Roman Times and the Arabian era, in the progressive trend of human knowledge are discussed here
Summary
Philosophy of science, refers to the elements of scientific inquiry from a philosophical perspective that led to the development of a generalized science as distinct from a set of unrelated empirical rules. The influence of Natural Philosophy and Logic in the 6th and 5th Centuries BC in the philosophical inquiry, and the scientific method developed in the 4th to 1st Centuries BC that have contributed to the establishment of mechanics and the principles involving the initial steps of building machines and its evolution during the Roman Times and the Arabian era, in the progressive trend of human knowledge are discussed here This investigation aims at identifying significant issues and personalities that have enhanced Mechanics, Engineering and Design from ancient times, along with their impact on modern Mechanism and Machine Science from both a philosophical and an engineering viewpoint.
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