Abstract

Abstract Natural kinds refer to groupings that are thought to exist in nature and that are not dependent on human cognition. To a scientific realist, science finds natural kinds when it finds that certain groupings result in lawful behavior. The chemical elements would be canonical exemplars of natural kinds, whereas balls and strikes in baseball would not be natural kinds—as these depend on human decisions. The social constructionists argue that natural kinds simply do not exist—all of science is dependent on contingent human decisions.

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