Abstract
Natural killer cells are a diverse group of innate lymphocytes that are specialized to rapidly respond to cancerous or virus-infected cells. NK cell function is controlled by the integration of signals from activating and inhibitory receptors expressed at the cell surface. Variegated expression patterns of these activating and inhibitory receptors at the single cell level leads to a highly diverse NK cell repertoire. Here I review the factors that influence NK cell repertoire diversity and its functional consequences for our ability to fight viruses.
Highlights
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that can rapidly eliminate infected or tumor cells and modulate immune responses through the secretion of cytokines and chemokines
Exposure to CMV-infected fibroblasts drives the generation of this subset in vitro, supporting the idea that NK cells expressing NKG2C are preferentially responsive to CMV, likely a result of recognition of a viral antigen in the context of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E, the ligand for NKG2C [109]
The advent of new technologies has put us at the cusp of unraveling the answers to many important questions about human NK cells, yet much uncertainty remains
Summary
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that can rapidly eliminate infected or tumor cells and modulate immune responses through the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. Consistent with these epidemiologic associations, NK cells expressing both KIR3DS1 and KIR3DL1 expand during HIV infection, but only in the presence of the HLA Bw4-80I allele [77].
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