Abstract
In this chapter we present a very detailed and slow-paced arithmetic exposition of the natural, integral, and rational number systems. Natural numbers are introduced using Peano’s system of axioms. Inherent in the last Peano axiom is his Principle of Induction, one of the fundamental postulates of arithmetic on natural numbers. Among the myriad of applications of this principle, we discuss here the Division Algorithm for Integers along with the greatest common divisor and prime factorization.
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