Natural Inspired Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Doped with Ammonium Carbonate (AC) as Biopolymer Electrolyte.

Mohd Ibnu Haikal Ahmad Sohaimy,Mohd Ikmar Nizam Mohamad Isa

doi:10.3390/polym12112487

Abstract

Green and safer materials in energy storage technology are important right now due to increased consumption. In this study, a biopolymer electrolyte inspired from natural materials was developed by using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the core material and doped with varied ammonium carbonate (AC) composition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows the prepared CMC-AC electrolyte films exhibited low crystallinity content, Xc (~30%) for sample AC7. A specific wavenumber range between 900–1200 cm−1 and 1500–1800 cm−1 was emphasized in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) testing, as this is the most probable interaction to occur. The highest ionic conductivity, σ of the electrolyte system achieved was 7.71 × 10−6 Scm−1 and appeared greatly dependent on ionic mobility, µ and diffusion coefficient, D. The number of mobile ions, η, increased up to the highest conducting sample (AC7) but it became less prominent at higher AC composition. The transference measurement, tion showed that the electrolyte system was predominantly ionic with sample AC7 having the highest value (tion = 0.98). Further assessment also proved that the H+ ion was the main conducting species in the CMC-AC electrolyte system, which presumably was due to protonation of ammonium salt onto the complexes site and contributed to the overall ionic conductivity enhancement.

Highlights

Apart from increased energy and power density of energy storage, one of the remaining challenge in advancement of energy storage technologies such as portable electronic devices, smart grids and electric vehicles is to lower the production cost as well as to reduce the environmental effect [1,2,3].one of the steps in order to achieve this is to transform the electrolyte used in energy storage.The electrolyte is a medium that facilitates the movement of ions across the electrode in order to complete the circuit and usually the electrolyte is in liquid form since ionic transport is easier in liquid phase
This paper aims to develop solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) from a biopolymer, which is carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) doped with ammonium carbonate (AC) as the ionic source, to find the ionic conductivity and the transport parameters contributing towards the ionic conductivity behavior in Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Ammonium Carbonate (CMC-AC) biopolymer films
CMC-AC biopolymer electrolyte solution was casted into petri dishes and left for a period of time (1 month) at room temperature to dry into thin film

Summary

Introduction

Apart from increased energy and power density of energy storage, one of the remaining challenge in advancement of energy storage technologies such as portable electronic devices, smart grids and electric vehicles is to lower the production cost as well as to reduce the environmental effect [1,2,3].one of the steps in order to achieve this is to transform the electrolyte used in energy storage.The electrolyte is a medium that facilitates the movement of ions across the electrode in order to complete the circuit and usually the electrolyte is in liquid form since ionic transport is easier in liquid phase. Apart from increased energy and power density of energy storage, one of the remaining challenge in advancement of energy storage technologies such as portable electronic devices, smart grids and electric vehicles is to lower the production cost as well as to reduce the environmental effect [1,2,3]. One of the steps in order to achieve this is to transform the electrolyte used in energy storage. Several types of polymer were used to investigate the possibilities for energy storage material such as polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) [4,6,7,8]. Polymers originated from natural sources (biopolymer) such as starch, chitosan, gelatin and agar [9,10,11,12] are becoming an attractive substitute for synthetic polymers partly due to superior mechanical, electrical properties and for being cheaper [9]

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