Natural History of Non-CNS Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis

Abstract

Background The number of patients with coccidioidomycosis continues to increase yearly. Patients with CNS disease require lifelong antifungal therapy due to the high morbidity and mortality of this disease. However, the morbidity and mortality in non-CNS disseminated disease has not been well characterized.Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 373 VA-armed forces coccidioidomycosis patients diagnosed between 1955 and 1958 and followed to 1966. Groups were identified as non-disseminated disease, non-CNS disseminated disease with and without multisite dissemination, and disseminated disease to the CNS with and without multisite dissemination. Clinical variables including demographic information, duration and severity of symptoms, coccidioidal serologies, type of infection and complications, time to disseminated disease, and mortality were abstracted from patient charts.ResultsMortality attributed to coccidioidomycosis in the non-disseminated group was 0.3% (1/297) compared with the non-CNS disseminated group of 8.5% (4/47, median survival 12 months, range 12–24 months, P = 0.0002). Mortality in the CNS disseminated group was 86% (19/22, median survival of 12 months, range 12–156 months, P < 0.0001 compared with non-CNS disseminated). The single site non-CNS disseminated group had a mortality of 4.1% (1/24, survival of 12months) compared with the multiple site non-CNS disseminated group of 13% (3/23, median survival of 18 months, range of 12–24 months, P = 0.57).Conclusion This retrospective cohort study demonstrates significant mortality differences between different forms of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. CNS dissemination exhibited the highest mortality rate; however, non-CNS dissemination also exhibited an unacceptably high mortality rate. There was no significant difference in mortality between single site non-CNS disseminated disease and multiple site non-CNS disseminated disease.Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.