Abstract
Phytoestrogens are herbal polyphenolic compounds that exert various estrogen-like effects in animals and can be taken in easily from a foodstuff in daily life. The fallopian tube lumen, where transportation of the oocyte occurs, is lined with secretory cells and multi-ciliated epithelial cells. Recently, we showed that estrogen induces multi-ciliogenesis in the porcine fallopian tube epithelial cells (FTECs) through the activation of the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) pathway and simultaneous inhibition of the Notch pathway. Thus, ingested phytoestrogens may induce FTEC ciliogenesis and thereby affect the fecundity. To address this issue, we added isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, or glycitin) and coumestan (coumestrol) to primary culture FTECs under air–liquid interface conditions and assessed the effects of each compound. All phytoestrogens except glycitin induced multi-ciliated cell differentiation, which followed Notch signal downregulation. On the contrary, the differentiation of secretory cells decreased slightly. Furthermore, genistein and daidzein had a slight effect on the proportion of proliferating cells exhibited by Ki67 expression. Ciliated-cell differentiation is inhibited by the ERβ antagonist, PHTPP. Thus, this study suggests that phytoestrogens can improve the fallopian tube epithelial sheet homeostasis by facilitating the genesis of multi-ciliated cells and this effect depends on the ERβ-mediated pathway.
Highlights
Received: 21 December 2020The fallopian tube (FT) shares a developmental origin (Müllarian duct) with the uterus and serves as a route for bidirectional gamete transportation
We examined the effects of phytoestrogens on the porcine FT epithelial cell differentiation using the air–liquid interface (ALI) culture system that we previously established [20]
We demonstrated that estrogen promoted multi-ciliated cell differentiation through ERβ [9]
Summary
The fallopian tube (FT) shares a developmental origin (Müllarian duct) with the uterus and serves as a route for bidirectional gamete transportation. The FT luminal wall is composed of secretory cells, multi-ciliated cells, and basal cells. Basal cells are a type of multipotent stem cell that gives rise to each specific cell type in the epithelium [1]. Secretory cells secrete mostly mucus materials that contain a series of compounds such as glycoproteins and growth factors [2]. Multi-ciliated cells have motile cilia on the apical surface to facilitate the flow of the mucous fluid [3]. The FT cytohistological architecture is functionally adapted to cope with the physiology of the reproductive tract in vivo
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