Abstract
Abstract. The transport infrastructure of Russia is exposed to multiple impacts of various natural hazards and adverse weather phenomena such as heavy rains and snowfalls, river floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, debris flows, snow avalanches, rockfalls, and ice phenomena. The paper considers impacts of hazardous natural processes and phenomena on transport within the area of Russia. Using the information of the author's database, contributions of natural factors to road, railway, air, and water transport accidents and failures are assessed. The total risk of transport accidents and traffic disruptions triggered by adverse and hazardous natural impacts, as well as the risk of road and railway accidents and disruptions as the most popular modes of transport, is assessed at the level of Russian federal regions. The concept of an emergency situation is used to measure risk. In the risk analysis, 838 emergency situations of various scales and severity caused by natural hazard impacts on the transport infrastructure from 1992 to 2018 are considered. The average annual number of emergencies is taken as an indicator of risk. Regional differences in the risk of transport accidents and disruptions due to natural events are analyzed. Regions most at risk are identified.
Highlights
According to the federal law “On Transport Security” (2019), transport infrastructure of the Russian Federation (RF) is considered a large and complex technological system including tunnels, overpasses, and bridges; terminals and stations; river and sea ports; airports; and roads, railways, and waterways, as well as other buildings, structures, and equipment, ensuring the functioning of the transport system
The main purpose of this study is to investigate impacts of natural hazards on the transport infrastructure and transport facilities in Russian regions
The transport infrastructure of Russia is exposed to multiple impacts of various natural hazards and weather phenomena such as heavy rains and snowfalls, strong winds, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, debris flows, snow avalanches, rockfalls, and icy conditions of roads
Summary
According to the federal law “On Transport Security” (2019), transport infrastructure of the Russian Federation (RF) is considered a large and complex technological system including tunnels, overpasses, and bridges; terminals and stations; river and sea ports; airports; and roads, railways, and waterways, as well as other buildings, structures, and equipment, ensuring the functioning of the transport system. Russia has a very extensive transportation network that is among the largest in the world It includes 1.5 × 106 km of public roads, more than 600 000 km of airways, 123 000 km of railway tracks, and 100 000 km of inland navigable waterways (FSSS, 2018). In studies on the impacts of natural hazards, transport infrastructure is most often classified by mode of transport including road, rail, water, and air transport (e.g., Govorushko, 2012; Mattsson and Jenelius, 2015; Voumard et al, 2018). Some researchers classify it by infrastructure asset types.
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