Abstract
Twigs of willow oak, Quercus phellos L., infested with oak lecanium, Parthenolecanium quercifex (Fitch), were collected during 1980–83 to determine the identity and role of natural enemies of the oak lecanium. Five Hymenoptera and their effectivenesswere identified: Encyrtus fuscus L. and Blastothrix sp. as internal parasites of the adult female; Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker), an internal parasite of the immature stages; Eunotus lividus Ashmead, an egg predator; and Pachyneuron altiscutum Cook, a secondary parasite. Rates of parasitization varied among locations, and ranged from 10 to 60%. Two Coleoptera were identified: Hyperaspis signata (Oliver) (Coccinellidae) and Tricorynus confusus (Fall) (Anobiidae), the latter species being observed for the first time as a predator.
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