Natural Dye Extraction and Dyeing of Different Fibers: A Review

Abstract

In this study, we investigated and present certain information about obtaining, producing and usage areas of natural dyes by the method of literature review. The greatest interest of the present era is to develop sustainable technologies that are environmentally friendly, and would provide a more productive and comfortable life for our generation, but which future generations would also benefit. Dyes and pigmentation molecules are obtained from plant, animal, or mineral sources with or without chemical treatments. They are organic compounds that are sparingly soluble in water and they have in their nucleus the hydroxyl group. Natural dyes are found in different parts of the plants. The extraction efficiency of colorant components present in natural sources depends on the extraction conditions: time, temperature, material-to-liquor ratio, type of liquor (acids/alkali or aqueous/organic solvent) and particle size of the substrate. The most important step of preparing fibers to accept color is mordanting. It is possible to apply different types and selective mordants on the textile fabrics in order to obtain diferent color or shade. Also, for any natural dye it is possible to increase the dye uptake in order to improve the color fastness behavior.