Abstract
The research aimed to use natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as an extractant for fractionation of compounds of selected elements from young barley and to compare it with the fractionation of elements from certified element materials. The use of such a comparison made it possible to prove the possibility of extracting the same forms of elements (species) from different materials, which confirmed the option of using NADES as extractants in speciation analysis. The research was conducted with hyphenated techniques—separation by high-performance chromatography coupled to an isotope-specific detector, mass spectrometry (MS) with ionization in inductively coupled plasma (ICP)—which are widely used in speciation analysis. Natural deep eutectic solvents also help introduce Green Analytical Chemistry principles (GAC). According to the results of our studies, the use of different NADES permit the extraction of various metals from a single sample. Moreover, using other natural solvents of eutectic properties helps extract different species of a given metal.
Highlights
Speciation refers to various physical and chemical forms in which an element may exist in a real-world material
The research was conducted with hyphenated techniques—separation by highperformance chromatography coupled to an isotope-specific detector, mass spectrometry (MS) with ionization in inductively coupled plasma (ICP)—which are widely used in speciation analysis
The extraction of multiple metal compounds (high molecular weight (HMW) and/or low molecular weight (LMW)) from young barley indicated that, depending on the composition of the natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), different metals with different efficiency are extracted from the plant
Summary
Speciation refers to various physical and chemical forms in which an element may exist in a real-world material. Speciation analysis is the procedure of identifying particular forms of a specific element and their quantification. One of them is that it is necessary to determine the properties of a compound of an element present at a trace level, and inadequate sensitivity is the most common drawback of molecule-specific techniques [2]. Another problem is that analyses often seek to determine the identity of compounds that have not yet been described in the literature. The process usually involves several stages, and one of the most important is the specific extraction (leaching) of compounds of the investigated element from the analyzed material
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