Abstract
Abstract The present work investigates numerically the natural convection heat transfer with radiation effects in an open vertical square duct. The integro-differential radiative transfer equation is solved by discrete ordinates method. The vorticity-velocity formulation is applied to solve for the coupled momentum and energy equations. The effects of five major parameters, Grashof number Gr, conduction-to-radiation parameter Nc, optical thickness τ, single scattering albedo ω and temperature ratio Tr, on the combined natural and radiation heat transfer are discussed in detail. The numerical results of the dimensionless induced volume flow rate and average Nusselt numbers show that the thermal radiation would enhance the heat transfer rate. Additionally, the variations of the induced volume flow rate and total Nusselt number are independent of radiative parameters under fully-developed flow limit.
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