Abstract
Natural bitumen was implemented as a cheap, green, available and efficient sorbent for removal of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions. The effect of important parameters including time, sorbent dosage, pH and temperature was explored on adsorption process. Maximum removal for all three cations present at pH = 6.0 and 30 min for Pb(II) and Cd(II) cations and 60 min for Cu(II) cation. Also, %Removal for all three cations was decreased by increasing the temperature which is an indication of exothermic adsorption process. However, adsorption isotherms for all three cations were interpreted by Langmuir model. Also, experimental data of all three cations follows pseudosecond-order kinetic model which indicate chemisorption process. Thermodynamic parameters including ∆G, ∆H and ∆S were calculated for all three cations which present spontaneous nature of reaction. Finally, natural bitumen was presented highly adsorption–desorption property and used successfully for removal of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions in wastewater real sample. Natural bitumen contains mostly carbon and oxygen elements and its good performance as a sorbent probably is due to its similar composition with other carbonaceous sorbents such as activated carbon.
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