Abstract
Collagen (Col) and gelatin are most extensively used in various fields, particularly in pharmaceuticals and therapeutics. Numerous researchers have proven that they are highly biocompatible to human tissues, exhibit low antigenicity and are easy to degrade. Despite their different sources both Col and gelatin have almost the same effects when it comes to wound healing mechanisms. Considering this, the bioactivity and biological effects of both Col and gelatin have been, and are being, constantly investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays to obtain maximum outcomes in the future. With regard to their proven nutritional values as sources of protein, Col and gelatin products exert various possible biological activities on cells in the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, a vast number of novel Col and gelatin applications have been discovered. This review compared Col and gelatin in terms of their structures, sources of derivatives, physicochemical properties, results of in vitro and in vivo studies, their roles in wound healing and the current challenges in wound healing. Thus, this review provides the current insights and the latest discoveries on both Col and gelatin in their wound healing mechanisms.
Highlights
Col type I (Col-I) is the most abundant form widely incorporated into therapeutics, due to its high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity [7]
Its function can always be customized and it does not trigger any immune response in the human body [15]. Due to these unique characteristics, gelatin is in high demand in the global market, which was approximately 412.7 kilotons in 2015, with pigskin being the primary source of gelatin extraction [16]
The chemical stability of any biomaterial scaffold is essential for its functional stability and this is usually confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
Summary
Biomaterials are substitutes for biological tissues in the human body that have the ability to interact with the body. The annual growth rate for biomaterials in the global market is 15.97 % and by the year 2027 it is expected to hit up to USD 348.4 billion in value [2]. Being natural biomaterials, both collagen (Col) and gelatin have shown promising results for skin wound healing. Both collagen (Col) and gelatin have shown promising results for skin wound healing With regard to this statement, Col and gelatin are highly biocompatible toward human tissues as they resemble the extracellular matrix [3,4]. Gelatin is the hydrolysed form of Col and both of them have the same amino acids, but their chemical properties differ
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