Natural ballistic gelatine ultrasound phantoms are suitable to be used for student education and can be produced cheaply and effectively.

Abstract

Practical experience in ultrasonography at medical and veterinary schools is difficult to achieve using live models due to ethical considerations. A solution to this problem has been the creation of synthetic ultrasound phantoms that allow simulation of both ultrasound scans and ultrasound-guided procedures. Whilst commercially available phantoms are expensive in a resource-limited environment, it would be desirable to create affordable, reusable, homemade phantoms which could be used to aid student learning. Recent studies have indicated that ballistic gelatine is an excellent material for this. A prospective, experimental study was performed with three ultrasound phantoms for student use. Vascular, bladder, and liver parenchymal models were produced with a natural ballistic gel, along with instructions for their construction and maintenance. Model efficacy was evaluated by assessing students' performance in completing a set of tasks when performing ultrasound on a dog. Group one received training with the models, group two received prior training without the models and the group three received no training. Entry and exit questionnaires assessed students' confidence in ultrasound scanning having used the models. Student questionnaires showed that students enjoyed using the models and found them more useful than existing teaching aids. It was also found that the models produced better practical skills in students that trained with them, in comparison to existing teaching. The models were easy to make, produced good images, and are reusable.