Abstract
The Euterpe edulis (Juçara) is native to Brazil, which berries and wastes present high antioxidant content. Therefore, in this study, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was investigated for antioxidant compounds extraction from E. edulis waste and maximized antioxidant activities using response surface methodology coupled with a central composite design. Three factors were observed: microwave power (400/500/600 W), exposition time (30/60/90 sec) and ethanol concentration solvent (40/60/80%). The extracts were characterized by determination of total phenolic (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), monomeric anthocyanins (TAC), tannins content (TTC), and in vitro antioxidant assay (AA%). The yield of TPC, TFC, TAC, and TTC varied at 595.43-2171.34 mg GAE.100 g DM-1, 137.36-251.24 mg QE.100 g DM-1, 179.32-354.38 mg C-3-GE.100 g DM-1 and 0.23-1.00 µg TAE.100 g DM-1, respectively. The optimal MAE parameters for TPC was microwave power 668.18 W, exposition time 110.45 s and aqueous ethanol concentration 93.64%, for TFC same parameters observed; though for TAC the different parameters were 532.28 W, and for TTC 9.55 s. However, for antioxidant activity, the parameters were 668.18 W, 110.45 s time and 64.41% of aqueous ethanol solvent. Therefore, this methodology was successfully applied for optimal extraction of total phenolics, flavonoids, monomeric anthocyanins and tannins from juçara waste and obtain optimal antioxidant activity.
Highlights
The Juçara palm (Euterpe edulis Martius; Arecaceae), a native plant of Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is widely distributed in Brazil
Previous studies using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to the extraction of antioxidant compounds from fruits determined that the concentration of the solvent, microwave power and exposition time were independents variables (Dahmoune et al, 2014, 2015; Fang et al, 2015; Kim et al, 2012; Li et al, 2012, 2014; Zeković et al, 2016)
The highest total phenolic (TPC) was represented for experiment #5 (2171.34 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)·100 g dry matter (DM)-1) that correspond to microwave power 600 (W), ethanol concentration 80% and time 90 seconds provided
Summary
The Juçara palm (Euterpe edulis Martius; Arecaceae), a native plant of Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is widely distributed in Brazil. Mature berries from this plant exhibit a violaceous and globose shape, which are accepted by consumers (Silva et al, 2013). The violaceous color of E. edulis pulp can be related to the presence of anthocyanins, which belong to the group of flavonoids (Cavalcanti, Santos, & Meireles, 2011). Other bioactive molecules including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins were identified in juçara berries (Bicudo et al, 2014; Borges et al, 2013; Da Silva Campelo Borges et al, 2011; Rufino, Alves, Fernandes, & Brito, 2011), which is associated with jas.ccsenet.org
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