Abstract
Abstract Natural antibodies (Abs) and Abs from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) bind a subset of apoptotic cells that expose intracellular myosin on their surface. To test the mechanisms that produce myosin exposed apoptotic cells (MEACs), Jurkat T cells were induced to undergo intrinsic (spontaneous or camptothecin-induced) or extrinsic (Fas ligand- or anti-Fas-induced) apoptosis. After prolonged incubation by all methods, a high percentage of apoptotic cells became MEACs. Thus, both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways lead to MEAC formation, suggesting that a common downstream mediator is involved. Consistent with this, a caspase-3 inhibitor reduced both apoptosis and MEAC formation, whereas a caspase-1 inhibitor had no effect. To test if caspase-3 cleavage resulted in membrane exposure of myosin, cytoplasmic and membrane protein extracts were examined for caspase-3 cleaved myosin fragments. MEAC extracts predominantly exhibited the expected 149 and 94 kDa myosin fragments in the membrane fraction. In contrast, live cell extracts exhibited predominantly the full-length myosin protein in the cytoplasmic fraction. These results indicate that MEAC formation occurs during intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis when caspase-3 is activated. Caspase-3 cleavage of myosin produces fragments that reside in the cell membrane, where they become available to react with CLL and natural Abs.
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