Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) may originate from the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and sugar in conditions of pathology. They are known to have high reactivity towards DNA as well as nucleophilic sites of proteins, resulting in cellular dysfunction. It has been considered that various pathological conditions are associated with an increased level of RCS and their reaction products. Thus, regulating the levels of RCS may be associated with the mitigation of various metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. In order to perform a comprehensive review, various literature databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, along with Google Scholar, were utilized to obtain relevant articles. The voluminous review concluded that various synthetic and natural agents are available or in pipeline research that hold tremendous potential to be used as a drug of choice in the therapeutic management of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and diabetes-associated complications of atherosclerosis, neuropathy, and nephropathy. From the available data, it may be emphasized that various synthetic agents, such as carnosine and simvastatin, and natural agents, such as polyphenols and terpenoids, can become a drug of choice in the therapeutic management for combating metabolic syndromes that involve RCS in their pathophysiology. Since the RCS are known to regulate the biological processes, future research warrants detailed investigations to decipher the precise mechanism.
Highlights
By compiling the strategies of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) implications in metabolic syndrome (MeS), and studies that address individual disorders, this review aims to highlight the potential for the use of such agents across various MeS associated disorders
Reports have proven that disorders like obesity and diseases, such as diabetes and Alzheimer’s, significantly reduce the amount of carnosine that is naturally present in the body, further increasing the susceptibility of such patients to accumulation of RCS [67]
The percentage of people affected with this syndrome might increase, and it may be considered that it could become an epidemic of general public health concern
Summary
MeS is associated with a higher risk of developing or more factors is required to trigger any complications which may result in the devel various disorders [5–7] These may include cardiovascular complications, diabetes, obesity, mentosteoporosis, of variousdyslipidemia, pathological conditions. Has been studied the underlying causes of disorders [5–7] These may complications, diabetes, obesity, o the development of MeS are include associatedcardiovascular with obesity, insulin resistance, decreased physical activity, genetic factors, and age [8]. It has been studied that the underlying cause nificantly reduce this risk by increasing physical activity and assuming a healthy diet rich the development of MeS are associated with regulate obesity,blood insulin resistance, decreased in all nutrients that can manage to proactively glucose, cholesterol levels, phys activity, genetic factors, andtoadvancing and blood pressure, leading a decrease inage complications associated with MeS [9].
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