NATURAL AND ANTROPOGENIC DIFFERENTIATIONS IN LANDSCAPEMORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE SOUTHERN PART OF ANAPA BAY BAR: CARTOGRAPHIC ESTIMATION

Abstract

In terms of detail landscape-morphological mapping, a series of observing maps of Anapa sand bar was compiled, including maps of morphometric characteristics of sand bar (wideness of beach, dune belt and hillock sands, height of dunes), wind exposition of shore, aeolian processes, anthropogenic impact. The maps show essential differences in morphological structure of sand bar caused by natural and anthropogenic factors. At the northern edge of sand bar, where wind exposition is 90°, builder areas are disposed at some distance from sand bar beach reach 100–130 m. Beach, dune belt and hillock sands are wide, dunes height is 10 m at long extend, and so sand bar has reached some dynamic equilibrium. At more southern region, where wind exposition is 80°, builder areas of Vityazevo and Northern Jemete settlements have come just to sand bar. Strong anthropogenic impact, walking on dune’s surface caused degradation of vegetation and intensification of aeolian processes, forming of sand trains. Height of dunes grows to 12–13 m due to implantation of trees at hillock sands. At central part of region buildings of Jemete settlement have come into coastal zone. Beach and dune belt decreased to 30–50 m everyone, dunes transformed to bush fixed hillocks, divided by bare sands. Some remains of dunes are very high (18 m). At the south of Jemete, recreation area of Northern Anapa has come to dune belt. Under reducing of wind exposition to 60° and decreasing of beach to 50–70 m, dune belt is widen to 100–130 m and series of 2–3 ramparts of 7–8 m in high are formed instead of one. Buildings rapidly move into dune belt, destroying ramparts, and hollows with hillock sands are used for waste storing. At the edge of southern part of region, near Anapa, wind exposition reduces to 40–50°; dune belt decreases to 50 m and has one rampart of 3–4 m in high, and with reducing of wind exposition to 30° disappearing at whole. These differences in morphological structure and statement of sand bar must be taken into account in land use planning and in decision-making for sand bar conservation and defense.