Abstract
The data from field studies on the influence of anthropogenic and ecological mechanisms on the species of forage plants of natural pasture phytocenoses is presented in the article. An explanation for the development of vegetation change processes in phytocenoses under existing conditions is given. The influence on the change in the structure of vegetation, the processes of transformation of communities has been studied. A noticeable decrease in the productivity of phytocenoses was shown at an unstandardized load of 3-4 sheep per hectare.Studies have established the negative influence of external mechanisms on the preservation of valuable forage grasses, depending on the different modes of use of pastures in the North-Western Caspian region. A noticeable decrease in the dynamics of productivity of phytocenoses with an increased load in the range of 4.54-2.27 centners / ha in the spring is shown. The results of the conducted studies show that the peculiarities of changes in the vegetation cover are mainly determined by the formation of an anthropogenic landscape with the domination of the most resistant xerophyte dwarf shrubs and the replacement of indigenous species of the community with unsuitable plant species for food that are formed in a continental climate. Changes in the composition of the vegetation cover, the ratio of species of forage grasses with different adaptive strategies were studied. Found significant changes in the vegetation cover in the experimental plots with non-standardized load. The grass stand is sparse, with a low projective cover of 32-67%. In places of failure, one- and two-year-old plants grow with some poorly eaten perennials; loss of unstable species, especially cereals, is observed. Areas of phytocenoses with a moderate load were characterized by an average of 72% projective cover due to the content of the proportion of grasses, forbs and xerophytes with a high level of adaptation and resistance to various mechanisms of influence.
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