Abstract
A halophilic archaeon, strain F20-122T, was isolated from a marine saltern of Isla Bacuta (Huelva, Spain). Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, and coccoid in morphology. It grew at 25–50 °C (optimum 37 °C), pH 6.5–9.0 (optimum pH 8.0), and 10–30% (w/v) total salts (optimum 25% salts). The phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA and rpoB’ genes showed its affiliation with the genus Natronomonas and suggested its placement as a new species within this genus. The in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses of this strain against closely related species supported its placement in a new taxon. The DNA G + C content of this isolate was 63.0 mol%. The polar lipids of strain F20-122T were phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (PGS). Traces of biphosphatidylglycerol (BPG) and other minor phospholipids and unidentified glycolipids were also present. Based on the phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characterization, we propose strain F20-122T (= CCM 8891T = CECT 9564T = JCM 33320T) as the type strain of a new species within the genus Natronomonas, with the name Natronomonas salsuginis sp. nov. Rhodopsin-like sequence analysis of strain F20-122T revealed the presence of haloarchaeal proton pumps, suggesting a light-mediated ATP synthesis for this strain and a maximum wavelength absorption in the green spectrum.
Highlights
The genus Natronomonas belongs to the family Haloarculaceae, within the order Halobacteriales, class Halobacteria in the phylum Euryarchaeota
It was transferred to the genus Natronobacterium as Natronobacterium pharaonis [2], and Kamekura et al [3] proposed the transfer of Natronobacterium pharaonis to the new genus Natronomonas based on its 16S rRNA sequence similarity
We describe the isolation and taxogenomic characterization of this archaeon and propose it as a new species of the genus Natronomonas, for which we propose the name Natronomonas salsuginis sp. nov
Summary
The genus Natronomonas belongs to the family Haloarculaceae, within the order Halobacteriales, class Halobacteria in the phylum Euryarchaeota. The type species of the genus is Natronomonas pharaonis, which was isolated from alkaline brines in Egypt [1]. This species was first described as Halobacterium pharaonis [1]. At the time of writing, the genus Natronomonas comprises two other described species [4]—Natronomonas moolapensis [5] and Natronomonas gomsonensis [6]—which were isolated from marine salterns of Australia and Korea, respectively. While Natronomonas moolapensis and Natronomonas gomsonensis are nonalkaliphilic, the type species of the genus, Natronomonas pharaonis, is able to grow between pH values of 8.0 and 11.0, with the optimum at pH 8.5–9.0, being the first alkaliphilic extreme halophile described. The DNA G + C content of the strains ranged from 61.8 to 64.3 mol% [3,5,6]
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