Natronoarchaeum

Abstract

Na.tro.no.ar.chae'um. N.L. n. natron (arbitrarily derived from Arabic n. natrun or natron ) soda, sodium carbonate; N.L. pref. natrono‐ pertaining to soda; N.L. neut. n. archaeum (from Gr. adj. archaios ‐ê ‐on ancient), archaeon; N.L. neut. n. Natronoarchaeum the soda archaeon. Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Halobacteriaceae / Natronoarchaeum The genus Natronoarchaeum is classified with the family Halobacteriaceae , order Halobacteriales , in the class Halobacteria . Its closest related genus is Salinarchaeum . Currently, three species have been described: Nac. mannanilyticum (the type species of the genus), Nac. philippinense , and Nac. rubrum . Cells are rod shaped or pleomorphic and stain Gram‐negative. Colonies are small and red pigmented. The members of the genus are halophilic, requiring at least 1.4 M NaCl for growth and slightly alkaliphilic or alkalitolerant. Cells lyse in distilled water. They are aerobic chemoorganotrophs that grow on complex media; some sugars, organic acids, and amino acids may also support growth as single carbon sources. Anaerobic growth with nitrate, arginine, and DMSO does not occur and nitrate is not reduced. Starch is hydrolyzed but gelatin or casein and Tween 80 are not. Polar lipids are characterized by the presence of C 20 C 20 and C 20 C 25 derivatives of phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), phosphatidyl glycerophosphate methyl ester (PGP‐Me), disulfated diglycosyl diether (S 2 ‐DGD), and one unidentified glycolipid. The three species have been isolated from salterns in China or from commercial solar salt produced in Japan and in the Philippines. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 63.0–66.2. Type species : Natronoarchaeum mannanilyticum Shimane, Hatada, Minegishi, Mizuki, Echigo, Miyazaki, Ohta, Usami, Grant and Horikoshi 2010, 2532 VP .