Abstract
During his four years in office, President Trump repeatedly called on NATO allies to increase their defense spending, and threatened to leave the alliance if the situation did not improve. This article examines how three long standing members – Canada, the United Kingdom, and Germany – responded to the challenge of the Trump presidency. It will reveal that all three did increase spending, modestly in the cases of Canada and the United Kingdom, more substantively for Germany. While the Trump presidency is now over, his insults and threats have done lasting damage, and thus whether NATO survives is increasingly an open question.
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