Native Mexican aromatic flora and essential oils: Current research status, gaps in knowledge and agro-industrial potential

Abstract

Knowledge of the properties and industrial applications of aromatic plant essential oils is growing rapidly. Mexico harbours immense biological and cultural diversity, and is the source of numerous aromatic plants, many of which are endemic. Despite the country's vast natural and cultural capital, scant study has been done of the essential oils from native Mexican aromatic plants. Identifying agro-industrial applications based on aromatic plant cultivation and essential oil production requires greater knowledge and understanding of endemic aromatic plant species as well as development of technologies for industrial applications and essential oil-based products. As part of an effort to unlock the enormous potential of these plant resources, this review summarises the current state of research into essential oils from native Mexican aromatic plants, identifies gaps in knowledge and suggests areas for further research. A systematic literature search showed that the essential oils of 76 native species have been characterized, although this represents just 17% of the known aromatic flora in Mexico. Asteraceae is the family with the highest number of records. Research has focused on the evaluation of biological activity, dominated by antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal and antioxidant properties. Interesting opportunities for essential oil-based products developed from native aromatic plants are highlighted. Progress in research on aromatic flora and their essential oils is limited by a general lack of knowledge, but also by an absence of robust collaborative processes. Mechanisms facilitating collaboration and multidisciplinary studies will promote faster growth in knowledge of native Mexican aromatic plants, their essential oils and any actual or potential industrial applications.