Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) generally have an immature fetal-like phenotype when directly compared to isolated CMs from human hearts, despite significant advance in differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to multiple cardiac lineages. Therefore, hPSC-CMs may not accurately mimic all facets of healthy and diseased human adult CMs. During embryonic development, the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) experiences a gradual assembly of matrix proteins that transits along the maturation of CMs. Mimicking these dynamic stages may contribute to hPSC-CMs maturation in vitro. Thus, in this review, we describe the progressive build-up of the cardiac ECM during embryonic development, the ECM of the adult human heart and the application of natural and synthetic biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering with hPSC-CMs.
Highlights
Since the first isolation of human pluripotent stem cells, their remarkable capacity to self-replicate and differentiate into every cell type of the human body aroused great interest and has advanced the fields of human disease modeling and pre-clinical pharmacology
We describe the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the native microenvironment of human CMs with focus on developmental changes and respect to different heart compartments, such as atria and ventricles and the right and left side of the heart
It has become clear that it is important to mimic the 3D microenvironment of the native cardiac tissue, ensuring dynamic interplay between cardiac cells, ECM components, and bioactive molecules in an optimal structural architecture and topographic organization with appropriate biomechanical and electrical conductive properties Several innovative approaches have been followed in order to generate functional 3D cardiac tissues using engineered 3D fiber-based scaffolds or hydrogel-based
Summary
Since the first isolation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), their remarkable capacity to self-replicate and differentiate into every cell type of the human body aroused great interest and has advanced the fields of human disease modeling and pre-clinical pharmacology.
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