Native Bovine Hydroxyapatite Powder, Demineralised Bone Matrix Powder, and Purified Bone Collagen Membranes Are Efficient in Repair of Critical-Sized Rat Calvarial Defects

Alexey Veremeev,Vladimir Nesterenko,Roman Bolgarin,Anton Kutikhin,Alexander Andreev-Andrievskiy

doi:10.3390/ma13153393

Alexey Veremeev, Vladimir Nesterenko + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13153393

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Abstract

Here we evaluated the efficacy of bone repair using various native bovine biomaterials (refined hydroxyapatite (HA), demineralised bone matrix (DBM), and purified bone collagen (COLL)) as compared with commercially available bone mineral and bone autografts. We employed a conventional critical-sized (8 mm diameter) rat calvarial defect model (6-month-old male Sprague–Dawley rats, n = 72 in total). The artificial defect was repaired using HA, DBM, COLL, commercially available bone mineral powder, bone calvarial autograft, or remained unfilled (n = 12 animals per group). Rats were euthanised 4 or 12 weeks postimplantation (n = 6 per time point) with the subsequent examination to assess the extent, volume, area, and mineral density of the repaired tissue by means of microcomputed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Bovine HA and DBM powder exhibited excellent repair capability similar to the autografts and commercially available bone mineral powder while COLL showed higher bone repair rate. We suggest that HA and DBM powder obtained from bovine bone tissue can be equally applied for the repair of bone defects and demonstrate sufficient potential to be implemented into clinical studies.

Highlights

Despite the recent improvements in medical imaging, implementation of novel treatment approaches, and spread of current advances in orthopaedic care, increase in efficiency and rehabilitation after the orthopaedic surgery remains a major goal of contemporary medicine [1]
The use of bone implants is established as the gold standard in bone replacement and filling of the bone defects after severe injuries requiring extensive surgical interventions [9,10,11]
Albeit autografts are the option of choice [9], their use is associated with major bleedings, infections, and chronic postoperative pain and is restricted by the limited sources of appropriate autologous bone material [10,11]

Summary

Introduction

Despite the recent improvements in medical imaging, implementation of novel treatment approaches, and spread of current advances in orthopaedic care, increase in efficiency and rehabilitation after the orthopaedic surgery remains a major goal of contemporary medicine [1] This is important for working-age adults because of a high incidence of injuries and bone diseases in this population cohort [2,3,4,5]. Efficient bone repair can be potentially reached through the tissue engineering approaches that combine filling of the defect with enhancing proliferation and matrix production by the host osteoblasts [12,13,14,15,16] In this treatment modality, xenogeneic bone implants are used as fillers due to their excellent biocompatibility and superior mechanical characteristics

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