Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial soil microorganisms that can establish symbiotic associations with Vitis vinifera roots, resulting in positive effects on grapevine performance, both in terms of water use efficiency, nutrient uptake, and replant success. Grapevine is an important perennial crop cultivated worldwide, especially in Mediterranean countries. In Italy, Piedmont is one of the regions with the longest winemaking tradition. In the present study, we characterized the AMF communities of the soil associated or not with the roots of V. vinifera cv. Pinot Noir cultivated in a vineyard subjected to conventional management using 454 Roche sequencing technology. Samplings were performed at two plant phenological stages (flowering and early fruit development). The AMF community was dominated by members of the family Glomeraceae, with a prevalence of the genus Glomus and the species Rhizophagus intraradices and Rhizophagus irregularis. On the contrary, the genus Archaeospora was the only one belonging to the family Archaeosporaceae. Since different AMF communities occur in the two considered soils, independently from the plant phenological stage, a probable role of V. vinifera in determining the AMF populations associated to its roots has been highlighted.
Highlights
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial symbiotic soil microorganisms that improve the plant nutritional state by increasing the interface area between roots and soil (Hodge et al, 2010)
We focused our attention on the AMF community associated to the Pinot Noir grapevine cultivar, which is largely cultivated in Piedmont
The mycorrhizal colonization of grapevine roots was evaluated to assess the actual interaction between the plant and the AM fungi present in the soil
Summary
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial symbiotic soil microorganisms that improve the plant nutritional state by increasing the interface area between roots and soil (Hodge et al, 2010). And Switzerland in Europe and United States, New Zealand, and Australia in non-European countries are the main producers (IOV, 2017) Grapevines, during their life cycle, are subjected to various cultivation practices which can interfere with the native microbiota and the fungal soil population. Conventional management of the vineyard leads to the development of different fungal and bacterial microbial communities according to specific local biogeographic factors (Likar et al, 2017). Based on the idea that Piedmont has winemaking tradition that we can define as historic, it becomes of extreme ecological and applicative importance to get information on the AMF communities associated with the vines In this geographical zone, we identified a vineyard cultivated with grapevine cv. A detailed description of the native AMF communities of the soils associated or not with the grapevine roots at two plant phenological stages (flowering and early fruit development) was obtained
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