Abstract
The Roman Catholic Church was highly ambivalent regards the emergence of modern nation states. On the one hand, several ideological and structural aspects underscored the church’s universal nature, whereas nationalisms, on the other hand, also had a strong impact on its development. Rather than generally questioning transnational structures within the church, this article aims to analyse the limits of Catholic universalism in the interwar period, focusing both on Vatican politics and on conflicts between the church and nation states in border regions. The article demonstrates that the church’s universal claims only partially contributed to bridging the borders of the existing nation states.
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