National Trends of Percutaneous Mechanical Support Utilization During Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Chronic Total Occlusion

Abstract

Coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) is common in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. Percutaneous coronary artery (PCI) interventions have shown favorable outcomes in patients with CTO. Nevertheless, the data regarding the utilization of mechanical circulatory support in CTO PCIs is not well established. We sought to investigate the trends in utilization and periprocedural complications in this population. Using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2011 to 2019, we identified patients diagnosed with CTO who underwent PCI. We investigated the presence of a linear trend in the utilization of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) during those procedures and the associated periprocedural complications using the Cochran-Armitage method. A total of 208,123 patients who were diagnosed with CTO and underwent PCI from 2011 to 2019, of which in 6,319 patients MCS was used during the procedure. Patients in the MCS group were older (67.4 vs 66.4 years), less likely to be women (24.0% vs 26.4%), and equally likely to be African-American (9.4% vs 8.8%) with a higher burden of co-morbidities in terms of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and atrial fibrillation (p<0.001 for all). Using the Cochrane-Armitage method, we found a statistically significant linear uptrend in the utilization of MCS from 269 (1.4%) to 990 cases (7.0%) from 2011 to 2019. Using multivariable logistic regression, female gender, renal failure, alcohol abuse, coagulopathy, and fluid and electrolyte disorders were identified as independent predictors of mortality in CTO PCI procedures assisted with MCS (p≤0.007). In conclusion, the utilization of MCS in CTO PCI procedures has been increasing over the years. Female gender and renal failure are independently associated with a higher mortality risk.