National Survey of Operating Room Nurses' Aseptic Techniques and Interventions for Patient Preparation to Reduce Surgical Site Infections.

Abstract

Surgical site infection (SSI), the third most common type of nosocomial infection in Sweden, is a patient injury that should be prevented. Methods of reducing SSIs include, for instance, disinfecting the skin, maintaining body temperature, and ensuring an aseptic environment. Guidelines for most of these interventions exist, but there is a lack of studies describing to what extent the preventive interventions have been implemented in clinical practice. We describe the daily clinical interventions Swedish operating room (OR) nurses performed to prevent SSIs following national guidelines. A descriptive cross-sectional study using a Web-based questionnaire was conducted among Swedish OR nurses. The study-specific questionnaire included 32 items addressing aspects of the interventions performed to prevent SSI, such as preparation of the patient skin (n = 12), maintenance of patient temperature (n = 10), and choice of materials (n = 10). The response format included both closed and open-ended answers. In total, 967 nurses (43% of the total) answered the questionnaire; of these, 77 were excluded for various reasons. The proportions of the OR nurses who complied with the preventive interventions recommended in the national guidelines were high: skin disinfection solution (93.5%), sterile drapes (97.4%) and gowns (83.8%) for single use, and the use of double gloves (73.0%). However, when guidelines were lacking, some interventions differed, such as the frequency of glove changes and the use of adhesive plastic drapes. To standardize OR nurses' preventive interventions, implementing guidelines seems to be the key priority. Overall, OR nurses have high compliance with the national guidelines regarding interventions to prevent bacterial growth and SSIs in the surgical patient. However, when guidelines are lacking, the preventive interventions lose conformity.