Abstract
BackgroundVeterinary medicines have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of diseases, growth promotion, and to promote feeding efficacy in livestock. As the veterinary medicine industry has steadily grown, it is crucial to set up a baseline for the quality of medicine as well as the insufficiency or excessiveness of the active ingredients in drug products to ensure the compliance, safety and efficacy of these medicines. Thus, the 10 years data of post-marketing quality control study was summarized to determine the rate and extent of non-compliance of these medicines and to establish baseline data for future quality control measures of veterinary medicine.ResultsIn this study, 1650 drugs for veterinary use were collected per year from each city and province in Korea and analysed for the quantity of active ingredients according to the “national post-market surveillance (NPMS) system” over the past decade. The NPMS assessment was performed using liquid and gas chromatography, titration, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, and bioassays. A total of 358 cases were deemed noncompliant, with the average noncompliance rate for all medicine types being 2.0%. The average noncompliance rates for antibiotics, biologics and other chemical drugs except antibiotics (OCD) were 1.1%, 1.2%, and 3.0%, respectively. The first leading cause for noncompliant products was insufficient quantity of major ingredients (283 cases), and the second leading cause was the existence of excess amount of active ingredients (60 cases). Tylosin, spiramycin, ampicillin, tetracyclines and penicillins were most frequently found to be noncompliant among antibiotics. Among the OCD, the noncompliance was found commonly in vitamin A.ConclusionThe overall trend presented gradually decreasing violation rates, suggesting that the quality of veterinary medicines has improved. Consistent application of the NPMS assessment and the establishment of the Korea Veterinary Good Manufacturing Practice (KVGMP) will help to maintain the good quality of medicine.
Highlights
Veterinary medicines have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of diseases, growth promotion, and to promote feeding efficacy in livestock
Quality controls of antibiotics and biologics are performed by pre-market government testing system (PMGTS) prior to reach the products in open market, ensuring that stringent efficacy and safety requirements are met in accordance with the “Handling Rules of Veterinary Medicinal Products” [1, 2]
The number of noncompliant samples found in different drug groups are antibiotics 103 (1.1%), other chemical drugs except antibiotics (OCD) 248 (3.0%), and biologics 7 (1.2%)
Summary
Veterinary medicines have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of diseases, growth promotion, and to promote feeding efficacy in livestock. Veterinary medicines are concerned with the prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases that affect the health of companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife, and production animals. They are used to improve feed efficiency, promote growth of livestock, and prevent the transmission of animal diseases to people. Quality controls of antibiotics and biologics are performed by PMGTS prior to reach the products in open market, ensuring that stringent efficacy and safety requirements are met in accordance with the “Handling Rules of Veterinary Medicinal Products” [1, 2]. Testing of antibiotics by PMGTS was abolished from 2000 to 11-07, while some biologics received partial exemptions from PMGTS as of 2005–04-09 The latter exemptions are limited to KVGMP-designated manufacturers. In the case of new antibiotics, the first 5 manufactured lots are designated as priority collection items and collected for testing [3, 5]
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