Abstract
The political community is the social basis for modern democracies. A strong political community is particularly difficult to achieve when different social cleavages, such as ethnic identities, “divide” society into more or less stable and mutually exclusive groups. At the same time, inequality in the distribution of income and property can generate class-based cleavages. Using survey data from Bolivia and Guatemala, this paper focuses on the effect of ethnicity on the strength of citizens’ attachment to their nations. Findings suggest that ethnicity has a relevant effect on the way people feel about the nation only when ethnic differences are consistent with socioeconomic cleavages, but socioeconomic differences have an effect that is independent from other factors.
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