Abstract
The relationships between national personality traits and intelligence from 51 countries were examined. It was found that extraversion, openness to experience and agreeableness measured at the national level were significantly and positively correlated with national IQs; however, in the regression model only the former two were marginally significant. For openness but not extraversion, this corresponds to observations made at the individual level. It was also shown that, taken together, Big Five traits and IQs of various cultures statistically explained 70% of a nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Further analysis showed that openness to experience moderate the relationship between intelligence and nation’s economic success. The rise in GDP with rising intelligence proved more pronounced in countries exhibiting high levels of openness. These conditions appear to enable a country to translate its cognitive capital into material wealth.
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