National data on non-modifiable risk factors of coronary artery diseases in Egypt

Abstract

Abstract Background CAD accounts for approximately 42% of all cardiovascular deaths. A lot of predisposing risk factors for CAD exist and they are generally divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Genetic variants were found to be among the non-modifiable risk factors where they strongly contribute to the incidence of CAD in Egyptian populations. Purpose highlighting the different genetic polymorphisms and non-modifiable risk factors for CAD in Egyptians and ranking them according to the degree of importance. Methods Intensive research was done in the period between 15 May 2018 and 15 September 2018 on both Science Direct, SCOPUS and Pubmed with the keywords (((myocardial infarction) OR (myocardial ischemia) OR (MI) OR (coronary artery disease) OR (CAD)) AND ((risk) OR (risk factors)) AND ((Egypt) OR (Egyptian))). 1060 studies were retrieved. Three reviewers screened the results and chose 84, from which, only 7 studies from 7 different centers from different parts of Egypt shown on map were included after full text screening with total no of 523 of various coronary artery disease patients and 396 healthy matched controls. Exclusion criteria was as follows: Full text not available (only abstract or protocol is published)The study was not randomized with a risk of biased resultsThe presence of any other comorbid disease as renal failure and autoimmune diseasesThe absence of control group in the study. Inclusion criteria was as following: Randomized controlled studyCross sectional studiesMean age of the patients above 30 years oldStudy on Egyptian populationsFull text and results available Results The polymorphisms (TPA, PAI-1, Paraoxonase-1, Manganese superoxide dismutase Ala16Val polymorphism, Platelet derived growth factor B gene polymorphism, rs854560 PON1, rs1790349 and rs12785878 of NADSYN1/ DHCR7 Locus, rs10741657, rs2060793, rs1993116 and rs10766197 of CYP2R1) demonstrated a significant association with the incidence of CAD in the Egyptian population. The odds ratios (ORs) for the putatively at high risk homozygous genotype vs. other genotypic groups of the different polymorphisms are shown clearly in the figure 1. The highest association is recorded for SNP rs1993116 of the CYP2R1 gene (ORs 8.5), followed by manganese superoxide dismutase Ala16Val polymorphism (ORs 3.6). Conclusion Many SNPs were found to be associated with CAD incidence in Egyptians, on top of which lies the SNP rs1993116 of the CYP2R1 gene and manganese superoxide dismutase Ala16Val polymorphism