National and International Policy Regimes Governing Oceans and Seas for Protection and Utilization of Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge

Abstract

Humans share the planet with as many as 8.7 million different forms of life, according to the most accurate estimate yet of life on Earth. Three-quarters of the 8.7m species – the majority of which are insects – are on land; only one-quarter, 2.2m, are in the deep, even though 70% of the An astonishing 86% of all plants and animals on land and 91% of those in the seas have yet to be named and catalogued as per a report in PLOS. According to Vedas there are 8.4 million species of life are divided into aquatics, trees, insects, birds, animals and humans of which nine hundred thousand belong to aquatics, two million types of trees, 1.1 million types of insects, a million types of birds, three million types of animal bodies and four hundred thousand types of human bodies. The marine flora and fauna are governed by various policy regimes as governed by International treaties. The umbrella of International legal protection systems define the way Countries around the world have agreed to protect Biological diversity and associated Indigenous knowledge. Biological diversity encompasses existing flora and fauna along with their varied forms on the Earth. Genetic resources form a vital part of subsistenence by the developing countries. We take a snapshot at the National and International policy regimes underlying their protection. The International legal regimes binding a country to adhere to basic protection for Conservation of Biodiversity and associated Indigenous knowledge are provisions laid out by WTO through TRIPS and CBD.