Abstract
Existing respiratory mucosal sampling methods are flawed, particularly in a pediatric bronchiolitis setting. Twenty-four infants with bronchiolitis were recruited: 12 were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-positive, 12 were RSV-negative. Infants were sampled by nasosorption and nasopharyngeal aspiration (NPA). Nasosorption was well tolerated and identified all RSV+ samples. RSV load measured by nasosorption (but not NPA) correlated with length of hospital stay (P = .04) and requirement for mechanical ventilation (P = .03). Nasosorption (but not NPA) levels of interferon γ, interleukin 1β, CCL5/RANTES, and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were elevated in RSV+ bronchiolitis (all P < .05), furthermore CCL5 and IL-10 correlated with RSV load (P < .05). Nasosorption allowed measurement of RSV load and the mucosal inflammatory response in infants.
Highlights
Existing respiratory mucosal sampling methods are flawed, in a pediatric bronchiolitis setting
Nasal samples are used for clinical viral diagnostics as well as research measurements of viral load and the immune response
Twelve infants with bronchiolitis were positive for Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, as determined by clinical respiratory viral screening of nasopharyngeal aspiration (NPA) samples
Summary
We aimed to assess the utility of NS for the determination of RSV infection, viral load, and the mucosal immune response in infants with viral bronchiolitis
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