Abstract
IntroductionFemale smoker's present increased susceptibility to several diseases when compared to the opposite gender. However, there are no studies showing differences in nasal mucociliary transport behavior between male and female smokers.ObjectiveTo compare the nasal mucociliary transportability in male and female smokers and non-smokers, taking into consideration age, anthropometric data, smoking load and pulmonary function.MethodsThe analysis included 139 individuals (33 men and 37 women smokers and 32 men and 37 women non-smokers). All participants answered an initial interview to obtain personal data and smoking load. Anthropometric data and carbon monoxide in the exhaled air were assessed. Individuals also performed pulmonary function test and Saccharin Transit Time test. To compare saccharin transit time values between men and women, smokers and non-smokers, stratification of all independent variables was performed (sociodemographic, smoking and respiratory variables) into two categories: below and above the median values.ResultsThere was no difference between men and women, smokers and non-smokers, regarding nasal mucociliary transportability. Significant differences were only observed between non-smokers. Among those with less forced vital capacity values (<97.37% of predicted), women presented mucociliary transport faster than men. Moreover, it was observed influence of BMI and COex (women smokers), FCV and FEV1 (men non-smokers) and FEF25–75% (women non-smokers) on saccharin transit time values.ConclusionBased on the findings of this study, nasal mucociliary transport in male and female adult smokers, apparently healthy, are similar.
Highlights
Female smokers present greater susceptibility to various diseases when compared to the opposite gender, being more likely to develop cancer, ischemic heart disease, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
A total of 139 subjects were analyzed and divided into four groups according to gender and smoking habit: 70 smokers
The findings of this study showed that gender did not influence the main mechanism of defense of the respiratory system, the mucociliary transport, showing similar responses in male and female smokers, even after stratification for age, Body Mass Index (BMI), education level, smoking load and lung function
Summary
Female smokers present greater susceptibility to various diseases when compared to the opposite gender, being more likely to develop cancer, ischemic heart disease, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Langhammer et al.[2] reported that female smokers present narrowing of the airways and increased bronchial hyper responsiveness, with superior intensity than men. This can be explained by hormonal levels, whereby estrogen increases the bioactivation of many compounds in tobacco.[3,4] This finding is disturbing considering that estimations of future generations will have approximately 500 million female smokers.[5]. Studies performed on non-smokers show some differences; some report that women exhibit better transportability than men,6---8 while others[9,10] report no relationship between sex and mucociliary transportability. It is necessary to consider some variables that could possibly interfere in the analysis of this relationship, such as sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle
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