Abstract
Satellite scatterometers are microwave radars capable of measuring near-surface vector winds (both speed and direction) over the oceans under all weather conditions. The data generated from these instruments are used in scientific studies of upper ocean circulation, tropospheric dynamics, air–sea interaction and climate change; in operational meteorology as a means to increase numerical weather forecast skill and the accuracy of storm warning predictions; and in commercial applications such as ship routing. The scatterometer wind measurement technique was demonstrated with the flight of the Seasat Scatterometer in 1978. This paper summarizes the scatterometry measurement technique, describes the design of the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) instrument recently launched aboard the National Space Development Agency of Japan's (NASDA) Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS), presents first results from the NSCAT instrument, and describes the future U.S. program for measuring surface marine wind vectors.
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