Abstract
Building on the various manifestations of the forces latent in the quantum vacuum of spacetime such as Hawking’s radiation and Unruh temperature, we resolve a major paradox connected to an immensely important proposal by NASA scientists for constructing a practically fuelless spacecraft. In a nutshell, preliminary laboratory work shows that NASA’s electromagnetic drive project is viable and several experiments and measurements show it is real. Yet the proposal violates a fundamental principle of classical mechanics, namely Newton’s third law. The resolution of this paradox is quite straight forward in principle. It is simply the case that although the proposal seems to be based on classical mechanics and classical thinking it is only superficially so. Deep at the roots, the EM drive proposal of NASA is not classical physics but rather based on the vacuum forces of quantum cosmology and the theory of dark energy density of the universe. In fact the proposal is deeply linked to Hawking’s radiation and Unruh temperature, which is explained in some detail in the main body of the present short paper within the frame work of E-infinity Cantorian spacetime theory and D. Gross’ Heterotic superstring theory. In short the quintessence of our explanation is to regard the EM drive as a quasi electromagnetic cavity with an effective event horizon akin to that of a Hawking black hole emitting radiation causing ultimately the needed thrust to push the spacecraft forwards. In addition and by invoking fractal spacetime self similarity we show that a spacecraft will be subject to another cosmic thrust on the large scale of the entire cosmos.
Highlights
Newtonian mechanics as well as classical elasticity are the main analytical tools in constructing stable spacecrafts and determining its flight trajectory [1] [2] [3]
The present work is concerned with a situation where high energy quantum physics and cosmology as well as nonlinear dynamics and nano technology [4] play a fundamental role in the context of space flight with undreamed of possibilities as will transpire from our present analysis of NASA’s EM drive project [5] [6] [7] [8]
To show that nothing could be simpler than appealing to the Heterotic superstring interpretation of dark energy and the Hawking radiation, Unruh temperature as well as Hartle-Hawking universe wave function theory as used in a few recent publications concerned with ordinary cosmic energy density and dark cosmic energy density [11]-[24]
Summary
Newtonian mechanics as well as classical elasticity are the main analytical tools in constructing stable spacecrafts and determining its flight trajectory [1] [2] [3]. The first, in the meantime well known, is the energy density of the quantum particle five dimensional zero set which amounts to 4.5% of the total while the rest of 95.5% is related to the quantum wave five dimensional empty set side of the universe [14] [15] This gradient is sufficient to support a fuelless EM drive enabling interstellar navigation from anywhere to eternity. Having said all of that it is obvious to expect fro an imaginative engineering design of the EM drive to yield far more than simple steering of the spacecraft when we look upon it as something analogous to a Hawking black hole behind an event horizon so that somehow the emitted radiation could be manipulated in a way to produce the kind of thrust which does not violate Newton’s third law, even in the absence of back reaction [38]. Said differently our fractal self similar universe allows for two kinds of thrust, one in the large involving the spacecraft and the entire universe and one in the small involving the EM drive inside the spacecraft only
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